

Explanation
(a)

If the primary coil is connected to an A.C source, the A.C passing through the coil sets up a changing ternating magnetic flux in the soft iron core. The secondary coil is linked with the changing flux which Juces an e.m.f in it. Since the number of turns in a secondary is less than that in the primary, the induced e.m.f is less than e.m.f in the primary. For s reason the A.C output is less than the A.0 in primary.
(b)(i) Ways in which heat is lost in a transformer:
- Eddy current
- Flux leakages
- Hysteresis losses
- Copper or joules losses

(ii)




Losses


Minimizing method




Eddy current losses.
Flux leakage,
Hysteresis losses.
Copper or joules losses.


Laminating the core.
Design an efficient core.
Core made of soft magnetic material of soft iron.
Using low resistance coil.





(c) (i) \(\frac{N_s}{N_p} = \frac{E_s}{E_p} = \frac{220}{4400}\)
\(N_p : N_s = 20 : 1\)
(ii) Efficiency = \frac{output}{input} = \frac{V_s \times I_s}{V_p \times I_p}\)
= \(\frac{95}{100} = \frac{60}{4400 \times I_p}\)
\(I_p = \frac{100 \times 60}{95 \times 440} = 0.014A\)


