Explanation
(a) Binding energy is the minimum energy required to seperate the nucleus of an atom.

(b) Three evidences in support of the claim that x -rays are electromagnetic waves are:
(i) They can be polarized.
(ii) They can travel through a vacuum.
(iii) They travel with the speed of light.
(iv) They are not affected by electric field.
(v) They are not affected by magnetic field.

(c) Three peaceful uses of nuclear energy are:
(i) It is used in the treatment of tumour.
(ii) It is used to power submarines.
(iii) It is used to generate electricity.

(d) (1) c = f\(\lambda\) or f = \(\frac{c}{\lambda}\)
f = \(\frac{3.0 \times 10^8}{4.5 \times 10^{-7}}\)
f = 6.67 x10\(^{14}\)Hz

(ii) E = hf
= 6.67 x10\(^{-34}\) x 6.67 x10\(^{14}\)J
= 4.4 x10\(^{-19}\)J

(iii) K.E = E- W
= 4.4 x 10\(^{-19}\)
=1.4 x 10\(^{-19}\) - 3.0 x 10\(^{-19}\)
=1.4 x 10\(^{-19}\)J

